What underlying economic factors contribute to the vulnerability of the working and lower classes during economic downturns?

During economic downturns, the working and lower classes often face greater vulnerability due to several key factors. One major issue is job security; many people in these classes work in industries that are more likely to lay off employees when the economy slows down, such as retail or hospitality. Additionally, they typically have less savings to fall back on, which means they struggle to cover essential expenses like rent or food when their income decreases. For example, if a factory closes during a recession, workers may not have enough money saved to last until they find new jobs, leading to financial stress and hardship. This combination of unstable employment and limited financial resources creates a cycle of vulnerability that can be difficult to escape during tough economic times.