Urban space is solely defined by the presence of buildings and infrastructure, while parks and open areas have no significant impact on urban experiences.

Urban space is not only the bricks, roads, and towers that dominate a city; it also includes parks, plazas, and green corridors that shape how people feel and move through it. These open areas provide essential services such as shade, cleaner air, and places for exercise, which directly influence residents’ health and social interaction. Because of these benefits, parks and open spaces become hubs for community events, relaxation, and cultural expression, making them integral to urban life. For example, Central Park in New York City offers a green refuge that cools the surrounding streets, attracts tourists, and serves as a gathering spot for locals, illustrating how natural elements enrich the urban experience. Thus, urban spaces are defined by a blend of built infrastructure and the vital, life‑enhancing open areas that accompany them.