Which design strategy most effectively promotes sustainability in urban areas?

Integrating green infrastructure—such as parks, green roofs, and permeable pavements—is the most effective design strategy for sustainable urban areas. By adding vegetation, cities capture rainwater, lower temperatures, and filter pollutants, which keeps the air cleaner and the streets cooler. These green spaces also provide habitats for wildlife and create social gathering spots that encourage community interaction. For instance, a downtown parking lot was turned into a rooftop garden that now stores rainwater, reduces heat island effects, and offers residents a place to relax. This approach shows how a single design change can improve water management, energy use, and quality of life all at once.