How does urban ecology explain the impact of location on individuals' opportunities in a city?

Urban ecology looks at how the physical layout of a city shapes the social and economic chances people have. It shows that places with good infrastructure, parks, and transit links become hubs where jobs, schools, and services cluster, giving residents nearby more chances to learn, work, and network. Conversely, neighborhoods far from these hubs often face fewer jobs, poorer schools, and limited public transport, which limits future prospects. For example, a student living in a downtown area with a university and several bus lines will more easily attend classes and find internships than someone living in a remote suburb with few roads. Thus, where you live in the city can strongly influence your everyday opportunities.