What underlying factor contributes to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in urban environments?

The main underlying factor is socioeconomic inequality, which shapes how city land is used and who can benefit from it. Because wealthier people can afford to live near parks, good schools, and jobs, they influence zoning and investment decisions that favor those areas. Poorer neighborhoods often get fewer parks, less clean air, and fewer jobs, creating a cycle that keeps resources unevenly spread. For example, a new grocery store may open in a wealthy suburb while a nearby low‑income block still has only a few convenience stores. This uneven distribution of resources and opportunities keeps the city divided.