Which type of political authority is characterized by the personal appeal and extraordinary qualities of a leader, often leading to loyalty and devotion from followers, while also involving the concept of sovereignty?

The type of political authority you are asking about is known as charismatic authority. This kind of authority comes from the personal charm and extraordinary qualities of a leader, which inspire loyalty and devotion among their followers. For example, a leader like Martin Luther King Jr. had a charismatic authority because his powerful speeches and vision for civil rights drew people to support him passionately. Charismatic authority often creates a strong emotional connection between the leader and the people, making them willing to follow even in difficult times.