Maria is studying different cultural practices regarding gender roles around the world. She observes that in some societies, men and women have distinct and complementary roles, while in others, gender roles are more fluid and can change over time. Which sociological theory best explains the significance of these observations?

Maria's observations about gender roles in different cultures can be best explained by the Social Constructionist Theory. This theory suggests that gender roles are not fixed but are created and shaped by society and culture. In some societies, men and women are given specific roles that complement each other, like in traditional farming communities where men might work in the fields while women manage the household. In contrast, in more modern or progressive societies, these roles can shift, allowing individuals to choose their paths regardless of gender. For example, in some urban areas, both men and women may share household tasks and responsibilities, showing how gender roles can evolve over time based on cultural changes.