Which perspective emphasizes that deviance is defined by societal norms rather than inherent characteristics?

The perspective that emphasizes that deviance is defined by societal norms is called the social constructionist perspective. This viewpoint suggests that what is considered deviant behavior varies from one society to another and changes over time. For example, in some cultures, tattoos might be seen as a form of art and self-expression, while in others, they could be viewed as rebellious or inappropriate. This means that deviance is not about the individual or their actions alone but is shaped by the rules and values of the society in which they live. Therefore, understanding deviance requires looking at the social context rather than just focusing on the behavior itself.