In total institutions, resocialization only occurs through punitive measures and does not involve any positive reinforcement strategies.

In total institutions, like prisons or mental hospitals, resocialization refers to the process of changing a person's beliefs, behaviors, and values to fit the norms of that institution. It is often believed that this change happens only through punitive measures, such as strict rules and harsh consequences for breaking them. However, this view overlooks the importance of positive reinforcement, which can also play a crucial role in helping individuals adapt. For example, if a prisoner follows the rules and shows good behavior, they might receive privileges like extra time outside or visits from family, which encourages them to continue making positive choices. Therefore, while punitive measures are common in total institutions, positive reinforcement can also support successful resocialization.