Which of the following best illustrates institutional racism within a societal context?

Institutional racism refers to the ways in which laws, policies, and practices within organizations and institutions create and maintain racial inequality. A clear example is when a school district has funding policies that provide more resources to schools in wealthier neighborhoods, which often have a majority of white students, while underfunding schools in predominantly minority neighborhoods. This can lead to significant differences in the quality of education, affecting students' future opportunities and perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage. Even if individual teachers or administrators do not hold racist beliefs, the system itself can still disadvantage certain groups based on race. Thus, institutional racism is about the larger framework that supports and sustains inequality, rather than just individual actions or attitudes.