How does institutional racism differ from individual racism in the context of historical events?

Institutional racism refers to the unfair treatment of certain racial groups by systems and structures within society, such as laws, policies, and organizations. This type of racism is built into the way institutions operate, often leading to unequal access to resources like education and jobs. For example, during the Jim Crow era in the United States, laws enforced racial segregation, preventing Black people from enjoying the same rights as white people, which shows how institutions can perpetuate racism over time. On the other hand, individual racism involves personal beliefs and actions, where one person may harbor prejudices or act in a discriminatory way toward another based on their race. Understanding the difference helps us see how both forms of racism can shape people's experiences and opportunities in society.