Which of the following best illustrates the concept of institutional racism by highlighting the differences between equity and equality in educational contexts?

Institutional racism refers to the ways in which policies and practices within institutions, like schools, create unequal opportunities for different racial groups. To illustrate this, consider two students, one from a wealthy background and one from a low-income family. If both students receive the same textbook and classroom time, that is equality; however, if the student from the low-income family has less access to tutoring or advanced classes, this reflects a lack of equity. Equity means providing different levels of support based on individual needs to ensure everyone has a fair chance to succeed. Thus, institutional racism can be seen when schools do not address these disparities, leading to unequal educational outcomes for students of different races.