What underlying mechanisms contribute to the persistent racial inequalities observed in various societal institutions?

Institutional racism refers to the ways that policies, practices, and norms within organizations and institutions create and maintain racial inequalities. These inequalities often happen because of biased decision-making or systemic barriers that affect people of different races differently. For example, in education, schools in predominantly minority neighborhoods may receive less funding, leading to poorer resources and opportunities for students. This cycle continues as students from these schools may struggle to access higher education or good jobs, perpetuating the inequality. Understanding institutional racism helps us see that it's not just individual actions but also the structures around us that contribute to persistent racial disparities.