Income disparities between low-income and lower middle-income countries can be solely attributed to differences in Gross National Income (GNI) without considering other socio-economic factors.

Income disparities between low-income and lower middle-income countries cannot be explained by Gross National Income (GNI) alone. While GNI measures the total income earned by a country's residents, it does not account for other important factors like education, health care, and infrastructure. For instance, a country with a high GNI might still have a poorly educated workforce, which limits job opportunities and economic growth. Additionally, social factors like political stability and access to technology also play a significant role in determining income levels. Therefore, to understand why some countries are richer than others, we must look beyond just GNI and consider the broader socio-economic context.