According to historical materialism, how does the concept of alienation manifest in capitalist societies?

Historical materialism is a theory that looks at how material conditions, like the economy and social structures, shape human society and its development. In capitalist societies, alienation happens when workers feel disconnected from the products they create, the work they do, and even from their fellow workers. This occurs because workers often do repetitive tasks and do not see the full value of what they produce, leading to feelings of powerlessness and isolation. For example, a factory worker might spend hours assembling parts without ever seeing the final product, making them feel like just a small, unimportant part of a larger machine. This sense of alienation can affect not just individuals, but also how communities function and relate to one another.