What was a primary cause of the rapid urbanization during the 1800s that influenced the emergence of sociology as a discipline?

A primary cause of rapid urbanization during the 1800s was the Industrial Revolution, which transformed economies from farming to factory-based work. As factories sprang up, people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs and better living conditions. This shift led to crowded cities with new social problems, such as poverty, crime, and poor health. Sociologists began to study these issues to understand how society was changing and to find solutions. For example, in cities like Manchester, the influx of workers created both economic growth and significant social challenges, prompting thinkers to analyze the effects of urban life on individuals and communities.