Arrange the following developments in the historical context of sociology in the order they contributed to the emergence of the discipline: A) Rapid urbanization, B) Scientific approaches to societal issues, C) Political transformations, D) Industrialization.

The emergence of sociology as a discipline was influenced by several key developments, starting with D) Industrialization. As societies shifted from farming to factories, many people moved to cities, leading to A) rapid urbanization. This change created new social problems and questions about how people lived together, which needed to be understood and addressed. At the same time, B) scientific approaches to societal issues began to take shape, allowing thinkers to study social life using methods similar to those in the natural sciences. Finally, C) political transformations, such as revolutions and the rise of democracy, prompted people to examine the relationship between society and government, further shaping the field of sociology.