In the study of gender and social mobility, the concept of _____ refers to the percentage of women who earn more than their mothers, highlighting changes in economic opportunities across generations.

In the study of gender and social mobility, the concept of "daughters' upward mobility" refers to the percentage of women who earn more than their mothers. This idea helps us understand how economic opportunities for women have changed over time. For example, if a mother worked as a teacher and earned a certain salary, daughters' upward mobility looks at how many daughters become doctors or lawyers, earning significantly more than their mothers did. When more women achieve higher earnings than their mothers, it shows progress in gender equality and better access to education and job opportunities. This concept is important for measuring how society is improving for future generations of women.