What is the primary difference between ethnicity and race as defined in sociology?

In sociology, the primary difference between ethnicity and race lies in their meanings and how they are understood. Race usually refers to physical characteristics, like skin color, hair type, and facial features, which people often use to categorize others. On the other hand, ethnicity relates to cultural factors, such as nationality, language, traditions, and shared history. For example, two people might be categorized as the same race if they both have dark skin, but they could belong to different ethnic groups if one is Nigerian and the other is Jamaican, each with unique cultures and traditions. Understanding this difference helps us appreciate the richness of human diversity beyond just physical appearance.