What distinguishes ethnicity from race in sociological terms, particularly regarding historical context?

Ethnicity and race are two important concepts in sociology, but they are not the same. Race typically refers to physical characteristics, like skin color or facial features, that people have in common. In contrast, ethnicity relates to cultural factors such as nationality, language, and traditions. For example, someone might be racially categorized as Black but ethnically identify as Jamaican if they come from Jamaica and share its cultural practices. Historically, race has often been used to justify social hierarchies, while ethnicity highlights the rich diversity of cultures and shared identities among people.