Countries classified as high-income based on GDP and GNI typically exhibit lower levels of urbanization compared to lower-income countries.

It's common to think that high-income countries, which have a lot of money and resources, would have more people living in cities, or be more urbanized. However, many high-income countries have already experienced significant urbanization in the past, so their growth in urban areas has slowed down. In contrast, lower-income countries are still in the process of urbanizing, as people move to cities for better job opportunities and living conditions. For example, countries like the United States and Germany have already established large cities, while countries like Bangladesh are seeing rapid growth in urban areas as they develop. Therefore, while high-income countries may have lower current rates of urbanization, it doesn't mean they are less productive; rather, they have already gone through that phase of development.