How do subcultures challenge mainstream social norms, and what role does stigma play in their acceptance within society?

Subcultures challenge mainstream social norms by creating their own values, beliefs, and behaviors that differ from those of the larger society. For example, a group of people who follow punk music may dress in a unique way and express ideas about anti-establishment views, which can clash with traditional expectations. Stigma plays a significant role in how these subcultures are viewed by the wider community; people often label them as deviant or strange, which can lead to discrimination or exclusion. This negative perception can make it harder for subcultures to gain acceptance, as society may push back against what they see as different or threatening. Ultimately, the relationship between subcultures and mainstream norms is complex, as some subcultures may eventually influence those norms, while others may remain marginalized.