Critiques of Modernization Theory argue that it often overlooks the influence of historical exploitation by wealthier nations on the development of poorer countries.

Modernization Theory suggests that all countries can develop by following a similar path to that of wealthier nations, focusing on industrialization and economic growth. However, critics argue that this view ignores the long history of exploitation and colonization that many poorer countries have faced. For instance, during colonial times, richer countries took resources and wealth from poorer nations, leaving them with weakened economies and social structures. This historical context is crucial because it shows that development is not just about following a model but also about understanding the past and the inequalities created by it. Therefore, to truly help poorer countries develop, we need to consider these historical factors and work towards addressing the consequences of past exploitation.