Arrange the following steps that illustrate the relationship between colonialism, population growth, and economic disparities: A) Colonial powers extract resources from poorer nations, B) Resulting economic challenges lead to high birth rates in those nations, C) This population growth exacerbates poverty and resource strain, D) The cycle perpetuates ongoing economic disparities.

Colonialism often begins when powerful countries, known as colonial powers, extract resources from poorer nations, which is step A. This extraction can create economic challenges in those nations, leading to high birth rates as families may have more children to help with labor or as a response to high infant mortality rates, which is step B. As the population grows, it can put even more strain on limited resources, making it harder for people to escape poverty, which is step C. This situation creates a cycle where the initial economic disparities continue to grow, leading to ongoing challenges for those nations, as seen in step D. For example, in some former colonies, the lack of resources and opportunities can be traced back to colonial practices, resulting in both high population growth and persistent poverty.