In understanding how social class influences parenting styles, upper-middle-class parents typically emphasize __________, while working-class parents often focus on obedience and discipline.

In understanding how social class influences parenting styles, upper-middle-class parents typically emphasize independence and self-direction in their children. They often encourage their kids to think for themselves, express their opinions, and pursue personal interests, believing that this will help them succeed in a competitive world. On the other hand, working-class parents usually focus more on obedience and discipline, teaching their children to follow rules and respect authority. For example, an upper-middle-class parent might support their child's decision to join an art club, while a working-class parent might prioritize their child completing homework before engaging in extracurricular activities. These differences reflect the values and expectations that each class has for success in life.