In a caste system, one's social position is primarily determined by __________, which limits social mobility compared to systems where position is based on personal achievements.

In a caste system, one's social position is primarily determined by ascribed status, which means it is assigned at birth based on factors like family background, ethnicity, or social group. This system makes it very difficult for individuals to change their social standing because they are often expected to follow the traditions and roles of their caste. For example, if someone is born into a family of farmers, they are likely to remain a farmer, regardless of their personal talents or ambitions. In contrast, systems based on achieved status allow people to change their social position through their efforts, such as education or job performance. This difference highlights how ascribed status can limit opportunities for growth and success compared to systems that reward individual achievements.