What underlying societal factor is most likely responsible for the increase in female genital cosmetic surgery as highlighted in Virginia Braun's research?

Virginia Braun’s research points to the growing pressure on women to meet idealized beauty standards as the key societal factor behind the rise in female genital cosmetic surgery. She argues that media images and social media reinforce a narrow definition of femininity, encouraging women to alter their bodies to fit these expectations. This cultural push creates a belief that natural genitalia are unacceptable unless they conform to an aesthetic norm. For example, a woman who sees peers and influencers posting images of “perfect” genitals may feel compelled to undergo surgery to align with those portrayed ideals. The result is an increase in procedures driven by the need to belong to a socially sanctioned body image.