Thematic analysis in qualitative research is immune to researcher bias, as the process is strictly objective and relies solely on the data collected.

Thematic analysis is not immune to researcher bias; the researcher’s choices about coding, theme selection, and interpretation shape the findings. When a researcher brings pre‑existing ideas or expectations, they may focus on certain patterns while overlooking others, even if the data itself is neutral. For example, a researcher who expects to find themes of empowerment might highlight quotes that fit that narrative and ignore contradictory ones. Because the analysis relies on subjective decisions, transparency and reflexivity are essential to reduce bias.