In a thematic analysis, which of the following practices best mitigates the risk of bias when interpreting qualitative data?

Using multiple coders and then discussing any differences in coding helps guard against bias, because it forces researchers to confront their own assumptions and reach a shared understanding of the data. When several people independently code the same passages, they bring different perspectives and can spot patterns that one researcher might miss or misinterpret. By comparing notes and resolving disagreements, the team checks whether any single viewpoint dominates the analysis. This collaborative, reflective process is more reliable than a lone researcher’s interpretation and reduces the chance that personal bias shapes the themes.