If a researcher adopts a constructivist epistemological position, what underlying ontological assumption are they likely making about the nature of reality?

A constructivist researcher usually assumes that reality is not a single, objective thing waiting to be measured; instead, reality is a set of meanings that people create together. They think that what we call “facts” are shaped by language, culture, and context, so there can be many valid versions of a situation. Because of this, they treat knowledge as a co‑construction rather than a discovery. For example, in a study of classroom learning, a constructivist would see students’ understanding as built through discussion and experience, not as a fixed truth that can be simply observed. Thus, their underlying ontological view is that reality is socially constructed and plural.