📚 Learning Guide
Friction Coefficient Calculations
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When a smooth metal block is placed on a rough surface, how does the surface roughness affect the normal force required to maintain static equilibrium before the block begins to slide?

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Learning Path

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Choose the Best Answer

A

The rougher the surface, the less normal force is needed.

B

The rougher the surface, the more normal force is needed.

C

Surface roughness has no impact on the normal force.

D

Normal force is inversely proportional to surface roughness.

Understanding the Answer

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Answer

When a smooth metal block sits on a rough surface, the roughness does not change the normal force; it is still equal to the block’s weight. What roughness does change is the static friction coefficient, μs, which is larger for a rougher surface. Because the maximum static friction is μs N, a higher μs allows the block to resist a larger horizontal push before sliding. Thus, on a rougher surface the block can stay in static equilibrium with a smaller applied horizontal force, even though the normal force remains the same. For example, a 10‑kg block on a rough floor (μs ≈ 0.

Detailed Explanation

Rougher surfaces have more bumps that press together. Other options are incorrect because Some think rougher surfaces mean the block is easier to hold, so less downward push is needed; Many assume roughness has no effect because only weight matters.

Key Concepts

Surface Roughness
Normal Force
Topic

Friction Coefficient Calculations

Difficulty

medium level question

Cognitive Level

understand

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