Arrange the following concepts in the correct order of their development in classical mechanics: A) Newton's Laws, B) Euler-Lagrange equations, C) Principle of Least Action, D) Hamilton's equations.

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Newton’s Laws came first, forming the foundation of classical mechanics. From there, the Principle of Least Action was introduced, showing that motion follows a path that makes the action minimal. The Euler‑Lagrange equations then emerged as the mathematical tool derived from that principle, linking a system’s Lagrangian to its equations of motion. Finally, Hamilton’s equations were developed, providing a reformulation of mechanics in terms of energy and phase space. For example, a simple pendulum follows Newton’s second law, but its motion can also be described by minimizing action, solving Euler‑Lagrange equations, and then using Hamilton’s equations to study its phase portrait.

Arrange the following concepts in the correct order of their development in classical mechanics: A) Newton's Laws, B) Euler-Lagrange equations, C) Principle of Least Action, D) Hamilton's equations.

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