Which of the following waste management strategies is most effective when combined with community participation in achieving sustainable urban development?

The most effective strategy is community‑based source separation and recycling, where residents sort their waste at home and bring it to local collection points. This works because it gives people a clear, everyday role in keeping streets clean and turning trash into useful materials, which reduces landfill use and saves energy. When people see their own waste become new products, they stay motivated and spread the habit to neighbors, creating a self‑reinforcing system. For example, a neighborhood that sets up a weekly “green bin” for compostable food scraps turns them into garden soil, lowering waste volume and giving residents fresh produce. This simple, participatory approach keeps cities cleaner, greener, and more resilient.