Which of the following statements about op-amp output saturation are true? (Select all that apply)

When an op‑amp is forced to drive a voltage that is higher or lower than its supply rails, the output will clamp at the nearest rail and stay there until the input changes back; this is called saturation. Because the output can only swing between the supply voltages, any attempt to exceed those limits simply pushes the output to the rail voltage. The output current is also limited by the device’s internal current limit, so during saturation the output current will be the maximum the device can supply. For example, if a 5 V supply op‑amp is asked to output 12 V, the output will be stuck at +5 V until the input conditions change. Thus, true statements are that the output cannot exceed the supply rails, it will clamp at the rail voltage, and the output current is limited by the device’s current capability.