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Op-Amp Output Saturation
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What occurs when an op-amp output exceeds its power supply voltage limits?

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Choose the Best Answer

A

The output saturates to the maximum or minimum voltage

B

The op-amp continues to amplify the signal

C

The output voltage becomes zero

D

The op-amp resets automatically

Understanding the Answer

Let's break down why this is correct

Answer

When an op‑amp is driven harder than its supply rails, its output cannot rise above the positive rail or drop below the negative rail. Instead of continuing to increase, the output voltage is “clamped” or “saturated” at a value just a few millivolts below the rail because the internal transistors can no longer source or sink more current. This causes the output waveform to flatten at the rail level, producing distortion or clipping in the signal. For example, if an op‑amp powered from ±12 V is commanded to output 15 V, the actual output will settle near 11. 5 V and stay there until the input drive changes.

Detailed Explanation

When the output tries to go beyond the supply rails, the amplifier can no longer increase or decrease the voltage. Other options are incorrect because The idea that the op‑amp keeps amplifying ignores the fact that it cannot supply voltage beyond its power rails; The output does not become zero automatically.

Key Concepts

Op-Amp Saturation
Output Limitations
Signal Clipping
Topic

Op-Amp Output Saturation

Difficulty

easy level question

Cognitive Level

understand

Practice Similar Questions

Test your understanding with related questions

1
Question 1

What happens to the output of an operational amplifier (op-amp) when the input signal exceeds the power supply voltage, leading to output saturation?

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2
Question 2

An op-amp is used in a circuit where the input voltage exceeds the power supply limits. Which of the following outcomes best describes what occurs due to output saturation?

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3
Question 3

When an op-amp reaches its output limits and cannot increase the output voltage further, it is said to be in __________.

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Question 4

You are designing a simple audio amplifier using an op-amp. If the input signal exceeds the supply voltage limits of the op-amp, what is the most likely result of this situation?

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Question 5

What happens to the output of an operational amplifier (op-amp) when the input signal exceeds the power supply voltage, leading to output saturation?

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6
Question 6

What happens to the output of an operational amplifier (op-amp) when the input signal exceeds the power supply voltage, leading to output saturation?

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7
Question 7

An op-amp is used in a circuit where the input voltage exceeds the power supply limits. Which of the following outcomes best describes what occurs due to output saturation?

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8
Question 8

When an op-amp reaches its output limits and cannot increase the output voltage further, it is said to be in __________.

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9
Question 9

You are designing a simple audio amplifier using an op-amp. If the input signal exceeds the supply voltage limits of the op-amp, what is the most likely result of this situation?

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Question 10

What occurs when an op-amp output exceeds its power supply voltage limits?

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