In a negative feedback configuration of an operational amplifier, how does the input and output relationship in a closed-loop system differ from that in an open-loop system in terms of frequency response?

In an open‑loop op‑amp the gain is huge at low frequencies but falls off steeply as frequency rises, so the input‑output ratio changes quickly with frequency. When negative feedback is applied, the closed‑loop gain is fixed by the resistor network and stays almost constant over a wider band because the feedback forces the output to follow the input more closely. The feedback reduces the effective gain, which in turn pushes the frequency at which the gain starts to drop (the bandwidth) to higher values, giving a flatter, more predictable frequency response. For example, an op‑amp that drops to 1 V/V at 1 MHz in open loop can maintain a 10 V/V closed‑loop gain up to several megahertz, showing how feedback extends usable bandwidth.