📚 Learning Guide
Socially Optimal Output vs. Actual Output
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If a government sets a price ceiling below the market equilibrium price, what is a likely effect on social welfare, and what is the underlying reason for this effect?

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Choose the Best Answer

A

Social welfare decreases because it leads to a shortage of goods, creating inefficiencies.

B

Social welfare increases as consumers benefit from lower prices, leading to higher demand.

C

Social welfare remains unchanged since price ceilings do not affect production levels.

D

Social welfare improves because it eliminates excess supply in the market.

Understanding the Answer

Let's break down why this is correct

Answer

When a government sets a price ceiling below the market equilibrium price, it means that the maximum price for a good or service is lower than what would naturally be charged in a free market. This can lead to a shortage, where more people want to buy the product at the lower price, but producers are not willing to supply enough of it because they cannot cover their costs. For example, if the government puts a price cap on rental apartments, more people might want to rent them, but landlords may decide not to rent out their properties or may reduce the number of apartments available. This shortage can reduce social welfare because not everyone who wants the good can access it, leading to frustration and unmet needs. Overall, the price ceiling disrupts the balance of supply and demand, causing inefficiencies in the market.

Detailed Explanation

When the price is set too low, fewer goods are available. Other options are incorrect because Some might think lower prices always help everyone; It's a common belief that price controls don't change how much is made.

Key Concepts

Socially Optimal Output
Market Efficiency
Government Intervention
Topic

Socially Optimal Output vs. Actual Output

Difficulty

medium level question

Cognitive Level

understand

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