In the short-run production decisions, which of the following is considered a fixed factor of production?

In short-run production decisions, a fixed factor of production is something that cannot be changed easily or quickly, regardless of how much output is being produced. For example, if a factory has a certain number of machines, those machines represent a fixed factor because it takes time and money to buy new ones or to upgrade existing ones. Even if the demand for products increases, the factory cannot instantly increase its number of machines. This means that in the short run, the factory can only adjust other factors, like labor or materials, to meet demand. Understanding fixed factors helps businesses plan their production effectively and know their limits.