How do open market operations influence the economy compared to fiscal policy tools?

Open market operations are actions taken by a country's central bank, like the Federal Reserve in the United States, to control the money supply by buying or selling government securities. When the central bank buys securities, it puts more money into the economy, which can lower interest rates and encourage spending and investment. In contrast, fiscal policy involves the government changing its spending and tax policies to influence the economy, like increasing spending on public projects to create jobs. For example, if the central bank buys bonds, a business might take a loan at a lower interest rate to expand, while fiscal policy might fund a new road that helps businesses grow by improving access. Both tools aim to stabilize and grow the economy, but open market operations focus more on managing money supply and interest rates, while fiscal policy is about government spending and taxation.