Negative externalities in consumption are to social costs as private benefits are to what?

Negative externalities in consumption occur when a person's consumption of a good or service imposes costs on others who are not involved in that transaction. For example, if someone smokes in a public space, the smoke can harm the health of nearby non-smokers, creating a social cost that is not reflected in the price of cigarettes. In this context, private benefits, which are the advantages enjoyed by the consumer, are compared to social benefits. Social benefits include not just what the consumer gains but also the positive effects on society as a whole. So, just as negative externalities lead to social costs, private benefits correspond to social benefits, highlighting the difference between individual gains and the wider impact on the community.