How can government intervention correct the inefficiencies caused by negative externalities in consumption?

Negative externalities in consumption occur when the choices of individuals or businesses have harmful effects on others who are not involved in the decision. For example, if someone smokes in a public area, the smoke can harm the health of nearby people, even if they didn't choose to be near the smoker. To correct these inefficiencies, the government can step in by imposing taxes on goods that create negative externalities, like tobacco or alcohol. This tax raises the cost of these products, which can discourage excessive consumption and encourage people to consider the impact of their choices on others. By doing this, the government helps to reduce the negative effects on society, leading to a healthier community overall.