Which of the following statements correctly describe the effects of a leftward shift in the money demand curve in the money market? Select all that apply.

A leftward shift in the money demand curve means that people want to hold less money than before. This can happen when people feel more confident about spending or when interest rates rise, making holding cash less appealing. When money demand decreases, it usually leads to lower interest rates because there is more money available in the market compared to what people want to hold. For example, if a new technology makes online payments easier, people might need less cash on hand, shifting the demand for money to the left. Overall, a leftward shift typically results in lower interest rates and encourages more spending and investment in the economy.