A chemist is studying an unknown element that is found in Group 14 of the Periodic Table. Based on its position, which of the following properties is most likely to be observed for this element?

Elements in Group 14 all share four valence electrons, so the unknown atom will most likely form four covalent bonds and adopt a tetrahedral geometry. Because of this, it will tend to create strong covalent networks, as seen with carbon’s diamond structure. The element will also have a relatively high melting point compared to lighter Group 14 members, reflecting the strength of its covalent bonds. For example, silicon in the same group forms a rigid lattice of Si–Si bonds that give quartz its hardness. Thus, the key property to expect is a tendency to form four covalent bonds and a tetrahedral arrangement.