True or False: The Periodic Table arranges elements solely based on increasing atomic mass, and elements in the same group exhibit similar chemical properties due to their identical atomic mass.

False. The modern periodic table arranges elements by increasing atomic number, not atomic mass, because atomic number determines the number of protons and governs electronic structure. Elements in the same group share similar valence electron configurations, which gives them comparable chemical behavior, not because they have the same mass. For example, sodium (Na) and potassium (K) both have one valence electron and are highly reactive metals, even though their masses differ greatly. Thus the statement is incorrect.