Learning Path
Question & Answer1
Understand Question2
Review Options3
Learn Explanation4
Explore TopicChoose the Best Answer
A
It decreases the ionization potential as more inner electrons repel the outer electrons
B
It increases the ionization potential by attracting outer electrons more strongly
C
It has no effect on ionization potential
D
It only affects ionization potential in transition metals
Understanding the Answer
Let's break down why this is correct
Answer
The shielding effect occurs when inner‑shell electrons push out outer‑shell electrons, making them feel less pull from the nucleus. Because the outer electrons are less strongly attracted, it takes less energy to remove one of them, so the ionization potential is lower. For instance, sodium (Na) has a 3s electron that is shielded by two 1s and two 2s/2p electrons, so its ionization energy is only about 5. 1 eV. In contrast, lithium (Li) has only two inner electrons, so the 2s electron feels a stronger pull and the ionization energy is higher, around 5.
Detailed Explanation
Shielding occurs when inner‑shell electrons push out on outer electrons, lessening the pull that the nucleus exerts. Other options are incorrect because This choice assumes shielding makes the nucleus pull harder; Thinking shielding has no effect ignores the change in effective nuclear charge.
Key Concepts
shielding effect
Topic
Ionization Potential
Difficulty
easy level question
Cognitive Level
understand
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