Why do elements with higher electronegativity tend to form polar covalent bonds?

When two atoms share electrons, the atom with the higher electronegativity pulls the shared electrons closer to itself, creating a partial negative charge on that atom and a partial positive charge on the other. This unequal sharing makes the bond polar covalent, because the electrons are not shared equally. The greater the difference in electronegativity, the stronger the pull and the more pronounced the partial charges. For example, in hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine’s high electronegativity draws the electron pair toward itself, leaving hydrogen slightly positive and chlorine slightly negative. Thus, atoms with higher electronegativity naturally form polar covalent bonds with less electronegative partners.