📚 Learning Guide
Autoimmune Diseases
easy

Order the following steps in the process of how autoimmune diseases develop, from initial immune response to the resulting tissue damage.

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Choose the Best Answer

A

Immune system mistakenly targets self-cells

B

Inflammatory response is triggered

C

Tissue damage occurs

D

Immune system fails to recognize self vs. non-self

Understanding the Answer

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Answer

Autoimmune diseases begin when the immune system mistakenly recognizes the body’s own cells as foreign, often triggered by a genetic predisposition or a viral infection that shares similar molecular patterns. This triggers the activation of autoreactive T cells, which then help B cells produce antibodies that target self‑proteins. The antibodies or activated T cells form immune complexes or directly attack tissues, causing inflammation. The ongoing inflammatory response damages cells and tissues, leading to the clinical symptoms seen in autoimmune disorders. For example, in type 1 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells are destroyed after autoreactive T cells recognize insulin as a target.

Detailed Explanation

When the body’s immune cells think our own cells are invaders, they start attacking them. Other options are incorrect because Inflammation usually comes after the immune system first mistakes our own cells for enemies; Tissue damage is the outcome, not a starting point.

Key Concepts

Autoimmune diseases
Immune system dysfunction
Inflammation
Topic

Autoimmune Diseases

Difficulty

easy level question

Cognitive Level

understand

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