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HomeHomework HelppsychologyHeuristics in Problem Solving

Heuristics in Problem Solving

Heuristics are cognitive shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making and problem-solving processes by using prior experiences and patterns, often at the expense of accuracy.

intermediate
2 hours
Psychology
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Overview

Heuristics are essential cognitive tools that help individuals make quick decisions and solve problems efficiently. They allow us to navigate complex situations by relying on past experiences and mental shortcuts. However, while heuristics can be beneficial, they also come with risks, such as biases...

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Key Terms

Heuristic
A mental shortcut for problem-solving.

Example: Using past experiences to make quick decisions.

Availability Heuristic
Judging the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind.

Example: Thinking plane crashes are common after hearing about one.

Representativeness Heuristic
Assessing similarity and making judgments based on stereotypes.

Example: Assuming a quiet person is a librarian.

Anchoring
Relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered.

Example: Bargaining based on the initial price offered.

Bias
A tendency to favor one outcome over others.

Example: Favoring information that confirms existing beliefs.

Decision Making
The process of making choices by identifying options.

Example: Choosing a college based on rankings.

Related Topics

Cognitive Biases
Study of systematic patterns in judgment that affect decision making.
intermediate
Decision Theory
The study of principles and models for making rational choices.
intermediate
Behavioral Economics
Explores psychological factors in economic decision making.
advanced

Key Concepts

Availability HeuristicRepresentativeness HeuristicAnchoringAdjustment