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HomeHomework Helphealth-economicsCost-Effectiveness in Health

Cost-Effectiveness in Health

Cost-effectiveness in health interventions refers to the evaluation of the relative costs and outcomes of different medical strategies, aiming to determine which intervention provides the best health benefits per unit of cost. It is often expressed as a ratio, comparing the cost of an intervention to its effectiveness in improving health outcomes, typically measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) or similar metrics.

intermediate
3 hours
Health Economics
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Overview

Cost-effectiveness in health interventions is a vital concept that helps healthcare providers and policymakers make informed decisions about resource allocation. By comparing the costs and health outcomes of various interventions, stakeholders can identify which strategies yield the best value for m...

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Key Terms

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
A method to compare the relative costs and outcomes of different health interventions.

Example: Using cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the best vaccination strategy.

Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY)
A measure that combines the quantity and quality of life.

Example: One QALY equates to one year in perfect health.

Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER)
The ratio of the change in costs to the change in health outcomes.

Example: An ICER of $50,000 per QALY gained indicates the cost of achieving one additional QALY.

Budget Impact Analysis
An analysis that estimates the financial impact of adopting a new health intervention.

Example: Assessing the budget impact of a new cancer treatment on a healthcare system.

Health Outcomes
The results of healthcare interventions, often measured in terms of health status.

Example: Improvement in patient survival rates after treatment.

Utility
A measure of the preference for a particular health outcome.

Example: A utility score of 0.8 indicates a health state valued at 80% of perfect health.

Related Topics

Health Economics
The study of how healthcare resources are allocated and utilized.
intermediate
Pharmacoeconomics
The branch of health economics that evaluates the cost and value of pharmaceuticals.
intermediate
Public Health Policy
The study of policies that affect the health of populations.
advanced

Key Concepts

Cost-Effectiveness AnalysisQuality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs)Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER)Budget Impact Analysis