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HomeHomework HelpgeologyIgneous Rock Formation

Igneous Rock Formation

Igneous rock formation processes refer to the geological mechanisms by which molten rock material, or magma, cools and solidifies either beneath the Earth's surface (intrusive igneous rocks) or upon its surface following volcanic eruptions (extrusive igneous rocks). These processes involve crystallization and the subsequent arrangement of minerals as the molten material cools.

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Geology
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Overview

Igneous rocks are a fundamental part of the Earth's geology, formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. They can be classified into two main types: intrusive, which cools slowly underground, and extrusive, which cools quickly on the surface. Understanding the formation processes of...

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Key Terms

Magma
Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.

Example: Magma can cool to form granite.

Lava
Molten rock that erupts onto the Earth's surface.

Example: Lava flows can create new landforms.

Intrusive Rock
Igneous rock formed from magma that cools slowly underground.

Example: Granite is an intrusive rock.

Extrusive Rock
Igneous rock formed from lava that cools quickly on the surface.

Example: Basalt is an extrusive rock.

Cooling Rate
The speed at which magma or lava cools, affecting crystal size.

Example: Fast cooling results in small crystals.

Crystal
A solid material whose atoms are arranged in a highly ordered structure.

Example: Quartz is a common crystal found in igneous rocks.

Related Topics

Sedimentary Rocks
Study of rocks formed from sediment accumulation and compaction.
intermediate
Metamorphic Rocks
Exploration of rocks transformed by heat and pressure.
intermediate
Volcanology
The study of volcanoes and volcanic activity.
advanced

Key Concepts

MagmaLavaCooling ProcessCrystal Formation